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Module 4 Final Quiz: Normalization & Functional Dependencies MCQs
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1
What is an Insertion Anomaly in an unnormalized database table?
A.
The inability to insert data because the hard drive is full
B.
The inability to insert a record into a table without artificially inserting unrelated data (e.g. cannot add a course without enrolling a student if StudentID is part of the PK)
C.
Inserting records with duplicate primary keys
D.
A syntax error in an INSERT INTO statement
Explanation & Key
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2
What constitutes a Deletion Anomaly in database relations?
A.
Deleting a row takes longer than 1 second
B.
Deleting one piece of information unintentionally deletes other completely independent data (e.g. deleting the last student in a course deletes all course details)
C.
Accidentally deleting the master database user
D.
Deleting a record without an active internet connection
Explanation & Key
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3
When is a Functional Dependency $X
ightarrow Y$ considered Trivial?
A.
When $X$ has only 1 attribute
B.
When $Y$ is a subset of $X$ ($Y subseteq X$)
C.
When neither $X$ nor $Y$ are candidate keys
D.
When $X$ and $Y$ have NULL values
Explanation & Key
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4
What condition MUST a relation satisfy to be in First Normal Form (1NF)?
A.
All columns must have foreign key constraints
B.
All attribute values must be strictly atomic (indivisible) with no repeating groups or multi-valued lists
C.
All candidate keys must consist of exactly one attribute
D.
The table must have fewer than 10 columns
Explanation & Key
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5
What is Partial Functional Dependency, and which normal form does it violate?
A.
A non-prime attribute depending on a transitive attribute; violates 3NF
B.
A non-prime attribute depending on a proper subset of a composite candidate key; violates 2NF
C.
An attribute depending on a foreign key; violates BCNF
D.
A dependency that only holds for half the rows in a table
Explanation & Key
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6
If a relation's primary key consists of a SINGLE attribute, is it possible for it to violate 2NF?
A.
Yes, if it has transitive dependencies
B.
No; it is automatically in 2NF because a single attribute has no proper subsets to form a partial dependency
C.
Yes, if it has multi-valued attributes
D.
Yes, if it is not in 1NF
Explanation & Key
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7
What condition defines Third Normal Form (3NF)?
A.
The table must be in 2NF, and no non-prime attribute should be transitively dependent on the candidate key
B.
The table must have at least three candidate keys
C.
All columns must be numbers
D.
The table cannot have foreign keys
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
8
What is the key difference between 3NF and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?
A.
3NF allows partial dependencies; BCNF does not
B.
3NF allows the dependency $X
ightarrow A$ if $A$ is a prime attribute even if $X$ is NOT a superkey; BCNF strictly demands that $X$ MUST be a superkey for EVERY non-trivial FD
C.
BCNF is weaker than 3NF
D.
3NF does not guarantee lossless join decomposition; BCNF does
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
9
Can decomposing a relation into BCNF always preserve all functional dependencies?
A.
Yes, BCNF always preserves all dependencies
B.
No; while BCNF decomposition always guarantees a lossless join, it may NOT always preserve all functional dependencies (unlike 3NF)
C.
BCNF preserves dependencies, but loses data tuples
D.
Dependency preservation only applies to 1NF
Explanation & Key
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10
Which Armstrong's axiom states that if $X
ightarrow Y$ and $Y
ightarrow Z$, then $X
ightarrow Z$?
A.
Reflexivity Rule
B.
Augmentation Rule
C.
Transitivity Rule
D.
Pseudo-transitivity Rule
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
11
What type of dependency is addressed by Fourth Normal Form (4NF)?
A.
Transitive dependency
B.
Multi-valued Dependency ($X woheadrightarrow Y$)
C.
Join dependency
D.
Partial dependency
Explanation & Key
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