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Module 6 Final Quiz: The Transport Layer MCQs
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1
What are the three packets exchanged during the TCP Three-Way Handshake?
A.
HELLO, WELCOME, READY
B.
SYN → SYN-ACK → ACK
C.
PING → PONG → ACK
D.
START → PROCESS → FINISH
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2
What happens during TCP connection termination (teardown)?
A.
A single RST flag packet
B.
A four-step exchange: FIN → ACK from side 1, then FIN → ACK from side 2
C.
The connection times out after 10 minutes
D.
Powering off the router
Explanation & Key
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3
What is the fixed header size of a standard User Datagram Protocol (UDP) segment?
A.
4 bytes
B.
8 bytes (Source Port, Dest Port, Length, Checksum)
C.
20 bytes
D.
60 bytes
Explanation & Key
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4
Why does live audio/video streaming (VoIP, Zoom, online games) prefer UDP over TCP?
A.
UDP encrypts voice better
B.
Retransmitting late lost audio packets causes intolerable buffering delay; immediate real-time playback is preferred over 100% loss recovery
C.
TCP cannot carry sound waves
D.
UDP requires expensive hardware
Explanation & Key
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5
In TCP Congestion Control, what is the behavior of the Slow Start phase?
A.
The window increases linearly by 1 packet per second
B.
The Congestion Window (cwnd) starts at 1 MSS and doubles every Round-Trip Time (exponential growth) until reaching ssthresh
C.
The transmission stops completely
D.
Packets are sent at 1 kbps
Explanation & Key
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6
What triggers the transition from Slow Start to Congestion Avoidance in TCP?
A.
The socket is closed
B.
The congestion window size (cwnd) reaches or exceeds the Slow Start Threshold (ssthresh)
C.
The computer enters sleep mode
D.
The user pauses typing
Explanation & Key
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7
What causes the characteristic 'sawtooth' pattern in TCP throughput graphs?
A.
Thermal throttling of network cards
B.
AIMD (Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease): cwnd climbs linearly until packet loss occurs, causing cwnd to drop dramatically before rebuilding
C.
Wi-Fi antenna rotation
D.
Operating system context switching
Explanation & Key
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8
How does TCP handle out-of-order segments received at the destination?
A.
It immediately discards them permanently
B.
It buffers them and uses sequence numbers to reassemble the data in exact original byte order before presenting it to the application
C.
It shows an error popup to the user
D.
It executes a hard reset
Explanation & Key
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9
What is Fast Retransmit in TCP?
A.
Sending packets twice every time
B.
Retransmitting a missing segment immediately upon receiving 3 duplicate ACKs for the preceding segment, without waiting for the retransmission timer to expire
C.
Increasing upload speed
D.
Bypassing the router queue
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
10
What is the difference between TCP Flow Control and Congestion Control?
A.
They are exact synonyms
B.
Flow control prevents overwhelming the RECEIVER (controlled by advertised window rwnd); Congestion control prevents overwhelming the INTERMEDIATE NETWORK (controlled by cwnd)
C.
Flow control is for UDP; congestion control is for TCP
D.
Flow control operates at Layer 2; congestion control at Layer 7
Explanation & Key
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