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Module 3 Final Quiz: The Physical Layer MCQs
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1
Why are the insulated copper wires in an Ethernet cable twisted around each other in pairs?
A.
To make the cable stronger physically
B.
To cancel out electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk from adjacent pairs and external sources
C.
To slow down electrons to match computer speeds
D.
To increase electrical resistance
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
2
What physical optical phenomenon enables light pulses to propagate through fiber optic cables without escaping?
A.
Diffraction
B.
Total Internal Reflection (core refractive index > cladding refractive index)
C.
Photoelectric Effect
D.
Polarization
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
3
In Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), how is channel bandwidth partitioned?
A.
By allocating cyclic, discrete time slots to each user
B.
By dividing the total bandwidth into multiple smaller non-overlapping frequency bands, allowing simultaneous transmission
C.
By encrypting messages with different keys
D.
By using separate physical cables
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
4
How does Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) operate?
A.
It transmits during daytime only
B.
The entire channel bandwidth is allocated to one user at a time during short, fixed periodic time slots
C.
It uses colors of light to separate channels
D.
It relies on quantum entanglement
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
5
What is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)?
A.
Multiplexing radio waves through water
B.
A specialized form of FDM used in optical fiber where multiple light signals of different wavelengths (colors) propagate simultaneously through one fiber strand
C.
Splitting coaxial cables into two
D.
Encrypting bits by wavelength
Explanation & Key
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6
What is the defining drawback of Circuit Switching?
A.
High packet header overhead
B.
Dedicated link capacity remains reserved and wasted during silent pauses when no data is being transmitted
C.
Out-of-order packet delivery
D.
Packets get fragmented by routers
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
7
How does Packet Switching differ fundamentally from Circuit Switching?
A.
Packet switching requires a physical operator to plug in cables
B.
Data is split into addressed packets that traverse shared links dynamically and independently on demand
C.
Packet switching cannot carry voice or video
D.
Packet switching requires dedicated circuits
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
8
What is Attenuation in transmission media?
A.
The amplification of signal power
B.
The loss of signal energy and strength as it propagates through a transmission medium over distance
C.
The collision of two packets
D.
The frequency of radio waves
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
9
Which transmission medium is completely immune to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and radio frequency noise?
A.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
B.
Coaxial Cable
C.
Fiber Optic Cable
D.
Copper busbar
Explanation & Key
Correct Answer:
10
What is Nyquist Theorem used to calculate?
A.
The speed of light in vacuum
B.
The theoretical maximum data rate of a noiseless channel ($C = 2B \log_2 M$ bps)
C.
The routing shortest path
D.
The IP address of a subnet
Explanation & Key
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